Reading list

Pediatric Intensive Care Unit Rotation/Elective 

Clinically Applied Pathophysiology Series (CAPS) 

Rotation Director: Dr. Grace Chong – gchong@peds.bsd.uchicago.edu

The Clinically Applied Pathophysiology Series (CAPS) is a weekly lecture series for residents, given primarily by Pediatric Critical Care attendings every Monday from 12 to 1 pm throughout the academic year. Expert lecturers from other departments (Cardiology, Neonatology, Toxicology) help to round out this educational experience.

This series focuses on basic physiology and pathophysiology of common disease states by organ system to supplement the PICU experience and provide the framework and tools for all residents to care for sick children.

Below is the list of topics discussed with important articles, guidelines, and references available for review.  Please refer to the Chief Residents' website for the CAPS calendar.

Topic	Division	References
Fluids and Electrolytes
Fluids	PICU	Comparison of two fluid-management strategies in acute lung injury (NEJM 2006)
		Fluid balance in critically ill children with acute lung injury (Crit Care Med 2012)
		Early fluid accumulation in children with shock and ICU mortality (Int Care Med 2015)
		Mortality after fluid bolus in African children with severe infection (NEJM 2011)
		Comparison of albumin and saline for fluid resuscitation in the ICU (NEJM 2004)
Electrolytes I and II	PICU
Acid-Base Disturbances	PICU	Physiological approach to assessment of acid-base disturbances (NEJM 2014)
Hematology
Hematologic Emergencies	PICU	Transfusion strategies for patients in PICUs (NEJM 2007)
		Transfusion in critically ill children (Crit Care Med 2014)
Pulmonology
Respiratory Failure I  and II	PICU	Noninvasive positive pressure ventilation in acute respiratory failure (Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2001)
		High-flow oxygen through nasal cannula in acute hypoxemic respiratory failure (NEJM 2015)
		BIPAP in asthma (AJEM 2007)
ARDS	PICU	ARDS review (NEJM 2000)
		Pediatric acute hypoxemic respiratory failure: management of oxygenation (Int Care Med 2004)
		ARDS: the Berlin definition (JAMA 2012)
		High-frequency oscillation in early ARDS (NEJM 2013)
		Efficacy and safety of corticosteroids for persistent ARDS (NEJM 2006)
Mechanical Ventilation I and II	PICU	Respiratory mechanics in spontaneous and assisted ventilation (Crit Care 2005)
		Ventilation with lower tidal volumes as compared with traditional tidal volumes for acute lung injury and ARDS (NEJM 2000)
		Weaning and Extubation Readiness in Pediatric Patients (Pediatr Crit Care Med 2009)
Sepsis
Sepsis: Basic Science	PICU	Pathophysiology and treatment of sepsis (NEJM 2003)
		Genetics and genomics in pediatric septic shock (Crit Care Med 2012)
Sepsis: Management/Protocol	PICU	Clinical practice parameters for hemodynamic support of pediatric and neonatal septic shock (Crit Care Med 2009)
		Surviving Sepsis campaign: international strategies for management of severe sepsis and septic shock: 2012 (Crit Care Med 2013)
		Implementation of goal-directed therapy for children with suspected sepsis in the ER (Pediatr 2011)
		Goal-directed therapy in the treatment of severe sepsis and septic shock (NEJM 2001)
Shock
Shock	PICU	Hydrocortisone therapy for patients with septic shock (NEJM 2008)
Pressors I	PICU	Comparison of dopamine and norepinephrine in the treatment of shock (NEJM 2010)
Mechanical Support of Circulation and ECMO	PICU	ECMO for refractory sepsis shock in children (Pediatr Crit Care Med 2007)
Neonatology
Neonatal Fluids	NICU
Transitional Circulation	NICU
Cardiology
Cardiopulmonary Interactions	PICU	Cardiopulmonary interactions (Pediatr Crit Care Med 2009)
Congenital Heart Disease: Single Ventricle Physiology	Cardiology	Efficacy and safety of milrinone in preventing low cardiac output syndrome in infants and children after corrective surgery for congenital heart disease (Circ 2003)
Congestive Heart Failure and Cardiomyopathies	Cardiology	Diagnosis and treatment of myocarditis in children in the current era (Circ 2014)
Arrhythmias I and II	PICU	Supraventricular tachycardia (NEJM 2006)
		Antiarrhythmic agents and proarrhythmia (Crit Care Med 2000) Tachyarrhythmia strips Pediatric EKG reference Pediatric EKG cases
Hypertensive Emergency/Urgency	PICU
Neurology
Status Epilepticus	PICU
Interpreting Head CTs	PICU
Increased Intracranial Pressure	PICU	Critical pathway for treatment of established intracranial hypertension in pediatric TBI (Pediatr Crit Care Med 2003)
		Hypothermia therapy after TBI in children (NEJM 2008)
Resuscitation
CPR/DNR	PICU	Pediatric BLS and PALS 2015 Consensus (ECC 2015)
		Mild therapeutic hypothermia to improve the neurologic outcome after cardiac arrest (NEJM 2002)
		Hypothermia therapy after pediatric cardiac arrest (Circ 2009)
		Multicenter cohort study of out-of-hospital pediatric cardiac arrest (Crit Care Med 2011)
Brain Death	PICU	Guidelines for determination of brain death in infants and children (Crit Care Med 2011)
Endocrinology
Endocrinopathies in ICU	PICU	Intensive insulin therapy in critically ill patients (NEJM 2001)
		Insulin therapy for patients in pediatric intensive care: a prospective RCT (Lancet 2009)
		Tight glycemic control versus standard care after pediatric cardiac surgery (NEJM 2012)
		Risk factors for cerebral edema in children with DKA (NEJM 2001)
Toxicology
Toxicology I and II	Toxicology
Nephrology
Renal Failure	PICU
Hepatology
Hepatic Failure	PICU
Sedation
Sedation	PICU	Consensus guidelines on sedation and analgesia in critical ill children (Int Care Med 2006)
Cases and Putting It All Together
Cases/Small Groups I	PICU